/FAIL/CONNECT

Block Format Keyword Describes the failure model for CONNECTION material with displacement criteria and/or energy criteria.

Format

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
/FAIL/CONNECT/mat_ID/unit_ID
u¯maxN MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqGqFfpeea0xe9vq=Jb9vqpeea0xd9q8qiYRWxGi6xij=hbba9q8aq0=yq=He9q8qiLsFr0=vr0=vr0db8meaabaqaciGacaGaaeqabaWaaeaaeaaakeaaceWG1bGbaebadaWgaaWcbaGaciyBaiaacggacaGG4bGaamOtaaqabaaaaa@3C4D@ expN αN R_fct_IDN Ifail Ifail_so ISYM
u¯maxT MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqGqFfpeea0xe9vq=Jb9vqpeea0xd9q8qiYRWxGi6xij=hbba9q8aq0=yq=He9q8qiLsFr0=vr0=vr0db8meaabaqaciGacaGaaeqabaWaaeaaeaaakeaaceWG1bGbaebadaWgaaWcbaGaciyBaiaacggacaGG4bGaamivaaqabaaaaa@3C53@ expT αT R_fct_IDT      
EImax ENmax ETmax Nn Nt
Tmax Nsoft AREAscale        
Optional Line
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
fail_ID                  

Definitions

Field Contents SI Unit Example
mat_ID Material identifier

(Integer, maximum 10 digits)

 
unit_ID Unit Identifier

(Integer, maximum 10 digits)

 
u¯maxT MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqGqFfpeea0xe9vq=Jb9vqpeea0xd9q8qiYRWxGi6xij=hbba9q8aq0=yq=He9q8qiLsFr0=vr0=vr0db8meaabaqaciGacaGaaeqabaWaaeaaeaaakeaaceWG1bGbaebadaWgaaWcbaGaciyBaiaacggacaGG4bGaamivaaqabaaaaa@3C53@ Failure relative displacement in normal direction.

Default = 1030 (Real)

 
expN Failure exponent parameter in normal direction.

Default = 1.0 (Real)

 
αN Normal direction scale factor.

Default = 1.0 (Real)

 
R_fct_IDN Identifier for fN(u¯˙N) MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaagKart1ev2aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbbG8FasPYRqj0=yi0dXdbba9pGe9xq=JbbG8A8frFve9Fve9Ff0dmeaabaqaciGacaGaaeqabaWaaeaaeaaakeaaciGGMbWaaSbaaSqaaiaad6eaaeqaaOWaaeWaceaaceWG1bGbaeHbaiaadaWgaaWcbaGaamOtaaqabaaakiaawIcacaGLPaaaaaa@3C01@ failure scale factor in normal direction vs displacement rate function.

(Integer)

 
Ifail Failure formulation flag. 2
= 0 (Default)
Uni-directional failure (uncoupled failure formulation).
= 1
Multi-directional failure (coupled failure formulation).

(Integer)

 
Ifail_so Solid failure flag.
= 1 (Default)
Solid element is deleted, when one integration point reaches the failure criteria.
= 2
Solid element is deleted, when all integration points reach the failure criteria.

(Integer)

 
ISYM Rupture deactivation flag for compression.
= 0 (Default)
Same behavior in tension and compression.
= 1
Deactivation of failure in case of compression.

(Integer)

 
u¯maxT MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqGqFfpeea0xe9vq=Jb9vqpeea0xd9q8qiYRWxGi6xij=hbba9q8aq0=yq=He9q8qiLsFr0=vr0=vr0db8meaabaqaciGacaGaaeqabaWaaeaaeaaakeaaceWG1bGbaebadaWgaaWcbaGaciyBaiaacggacaGG4bGaamivaaqabaaaaa@3C53@ Failure relative displacement in tangential plane.

Default = 1030 (Real)

 
expT Failure exponent parameter in tangential plane.

Default = 1.0 (Real)

 
αT Scale factor in tangential plane.

Default = 1.0 (Real)

 
R_fct_IDT Identifier for fT(u¯˙T) MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaagKart1ev2aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbbG8FasPYRqj0=yi0dXdbba9pGe9xq=JbbG8A8frFve9Fve9Ff0dmeaabaqaciGacaGaaeqabaWaaeaaeaaakeaaciGGMbWaaSbaaSqaaiaadsfaaeqaaOWaaeWaceaaceWG1bGbaeHbaiaadaWgaaWcbaGaamivaaqabaaakiaawIcacaGLPaaaaaa@3C0D@ failure scale factor in tangential plane vs displacement rate function.

(Integer)

 
EImax Failure internal energy, per surface unit.

Default = 1030 (Real)

[kgs2]
ENmax Normal failure internal energy, per surface unit.

Default = 1030 (Real)

[kgs2]
ETmax Tangential failure internal energy, per surface unit.

Default = 1030 (Real)

[kgs2]
Nn Exponent for normal energy failure criteria.

Default = 1.0 (Real)

 
Nt Exponent for tangential energy failure criteria.

Default = 1.0 (Real)

 
Tmax Duration parameter for energy failure criteria.

(Real)

 
Nsoft Softening exponent for failure.

Default = 1.0 (Real)

 
AREAscale Failure scale factor for area increase. 6

Default = 0.0, this option is not used (Real)

 
fail_ID Failure criteria identifier. 4

(Integer, maximum 10 digits)

 

Example (Spotweld)

#RADIOSS STARTER
/UNIT/1
unit for mat
                  Mg                  mm                   s
#---1----|----2----|----3----|----4----|----5----|----6----|----7----|----8----|----9----|---10----|
#-  2. MATERIALS:
#---1----|----2----|----3----|----4----|----5----|----6----|----7----|----8----|----9----|---10----|
/MAT/LAW59/1/1
spotweld
#              RHO_I
              7.9E-9
#                  E                   G     Imass
               21000               21000         0
# NB_funct   Fsmooth                Fcut
         1         1                   0
# YFun_IDN  YFun_IDT        SR_reference        Fscale_yield
         1         2                   0                   0
/FAIL/CONNECT/1
#          EPS_MAX_N               EXP_N             ALPHA_N R_fct_IDN     Ifail  Ifail_so      ISYM
                   1                   0                   0         0         0         1         0
#          EPS_MAX_T               EXP_T             ALPHA_T R_fct_IDT
                 1.8                   0                   0         0
#              EIMAX               ENMAX               ETMAX                  Nn                  Nt
                   0                   0                   0                   0                   0
#               Tmax               Nsoft           AREAscale
                   0                   0                   0
#---1----|----2----|----3----|----4----|----5----|----6----|----7----|----8----|----9----|---10----|
#-  3. FUNCTIONS:
#---1----|----2----|----3----|----4----|----5----|----6----|----7----|----8----|----9----|---10----|
/FUNCT/1
New_function
#                  X                   Y
                   0                 250                                                            
                   1                 350                                                            
#---1----|----2----|----3----|----4----|----5----|----6----|----7----|----8----|----9----|---10----|
/FUNCT/2
New_function
#                  X                   Y
                   0                 350                                                            
                   1                 350                                                            
#---1----|----2----|----3----|----4----|----5----|----6----|----7----|----8----|----9----|---10----|
#ENDDATA
/END
#---1----|----2----|----3----|----4----|----5----|----6----|----7----|----8----|----9----|---10----|

Comments

  1. This failure model is compatible only with the connection material, /MAT/LAW59 (CONNECT).
  2. Failure criteria:

    Solid element failure will occur when displacement values reach the criteria, or when the internal energy reaches the failure internal energy value.

    Ifail control coupled or uncoupled failure formulation for are exclusive with each other. Displacement and energy criteria can be used simultaneously. Both energy criteria can be used simultaneously (based on EImax and energy in both directions separately).
    • Ifail =0: Uni-directional formulation (uncoupled failure formulation)
      For displacement criteria:(1)
      u¯if(u¯˙)>u¯maxi MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaagKart1ev2aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqGqFfpeea0xe9vq=Jb9vqpeea0xd9q8qiYRWxGi6xij=hbba9q8aq0=yq=He9q8qiLsFr0=vr0=vr0db8meaabaqaciGacaGaaeqabaWaaeaaeaaakeaaceWG1bGbaebadaWgaaWcbaGaamyAaaqabaGccqGHflY1ciGGMbGaciikaiqadwhagaqegaGaaiaacMcacqGH+aGpceWG1bGbaebadaWgaaWcbaGaaiyBaiaacggacaGG4bGaaiyAaaqabaaaaa@454D@

      with i MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaagKart1ev2aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbwvMCKfMBHbqefqvATv2CG4uz3bIuV1wyUbqedmvETj2BSbqefm0B1jxALjhiov2DaebbnrfifHhDYfgasaacH8srps0lbbf9q8WrFfeuY=Hhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbba9q8WqFfea0=yr0RYxir=Jbba9q8aq0=yq=He9q8qqQ8frFve9Fve9Ff0dmeaacaGacmGadaWaaiqacaabaiaafaaakeaacaWGPbaaaa@39C5@ = 33 for normal direction and 13 or 23 for tangent directions.

      For energy criteria:(2)
      En>ENmax MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaagKart1ev2aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqGqFfpeea0xe9vq=Jb9vqpeea0xd9q8qiYRWxGi6xij=hbba9q8aq0=yq=He9q8qiLsFr0=vr0=vr0db8meaabaqaciGacaGaaeqabaWaaeaaeaaakeaacaWGfbWaaSbaaSqaaiaad6gaaeqaaOGaeyOpa4Jaamyraiaad6eadaWgaaWcbaGaaiyBaiaacggacaGG4baabeaaaaa@3EFD@
      or, for each direction:(3)
      Et>ETmax MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaagKart1ev2aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqGqFfpeea0xe9vq=Jb9vqpeea0xd9q8qiYRWxGi6xij=hbba9q8aq0=yq=He9q8qiLsFr0=vr0=vr0db8meaabaqaciGacaGaaeqabaWaaeaaeaaakeaacaWGfbWaaSbaaSqaaiaadshaaeqaaOGaeyOpa4JaamyraiaadsfadaWgaaWcbaGaaiyBaiaacggacaGG4baabeaaaaa@3F09@
      or, for total energy:(4)
      E(t)>EImax MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaagKart1ev2aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqGqFfpeea0xe9vq=Jb9vqpeea0xd9q8qiYRWxGi6xij=hbba9q8aq0=yq=He9q8qiLsFr0=vr0=vr0db8meaabaqaciGacaGaaeqabaWaaeaaeaaakeaacaWGfbWaaeWaaeaacaWG0baacaGLOaGaayzkaaGaeyOpa4JaamyraiaadMeadaWgaaWcbaGaaiyBaiaacggacaGG4baabeaaaaa@4051@
    • Ifail=1: Multi-directional formulation (coupled failure formulation)
      For displacement criteria:(5)
      |u¯Nu¯maxNαNfN(u¯˙N)|expN+|u¯Tu¯maxTαTfT(u¯˙T)|expT>1 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaagKart1ev2aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbbG8FasPYRqj0=yi0dXdbba9pGe9xq=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@6F89@
      For energy criteria:(6)
      (EnENmax)Nn+(EtETmax)Nt>1 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaagKart1ev2aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbwvMCKfMBHbqefqvATv2CG4uz3bIuV1wyUbqedmvETj2BSbqefm0B1jxALjhiov2DaebbnrfifHhDYfgasaacH8WjY=vipgYlh9vqqj=hEeeu0xXdbba9frFj0=OqFfea0dXdd9vqai=hGuQ8kuc9pgc9q8qqaq=dir=f0=yqaiVgFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaGaaiGadiWaamaaceGaaqaacaqbaaGcbaWaaeWaaeaadaWcaaqaaiaadweacaWGUbaabaGaamyraiaad6eadaWgaaWcbaGaciyBaiaacggacaGG4baabeaaaaaakiaawIcacaGLPaaadaahaaWcbeqaaiaad6eadaWgaaadbaGaamOBaaqabaaaaOGaey4kaSYaaeWaaeaadaWcaaqaaiaadweacaWG0baabaGaamyraiaadsfadaWgaaWcbaGaciyBaiaacggacaGG4baabeaaaaaakiaawIcacaGLPaaadaahaaWcbeqaaiaad6eadaWgaaadbaGaamiDaaqabaaaaOGaeyOpa4JaaGymaaaa@4FB1@

      With EN MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaagKart1ev2aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbwvMCKfMBHbqefqvATv2CG4uz3bIuV1wyUbqedmvETj2BSbqefm0B1jxALjhiov2DaebbnrfifHhDYfgasaacH8WjY=vipgYlh9vqqj=hEeeu0xXdbba9frFj0=OqFfea0dXdd9vqai=hGuQ8kuc9pgc9q8qqaq=dir=f0=yqaiVgFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaGaaiGadiWaamaaceGaaqaacaqbaaGcbaGaamyraiaad6eaaaa@3A49@ and ET MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaagKart1ev2aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbwvMCKfMBHbqefqvATv2CG4uz3bIuV1wyUbqedmvETj2BSbqefm0B1jxALjhiov2DaebbnrfifHhDYfgasaacH8WjY=vipgYlh9vqqj=hEeeu0xXdbba9frFj0=OqFfea0dXdd9vqai=hGuQ8kuc9pgc9q8qqaq=dir=f0=yqaiVgFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaGaaiGadiWaamaaceGaaqaacaqbaaGcbaGaamyraiaad6eaaaa@3A49@ being the energy in the normal and the tangential direction, respectively.

  3. A damage variable is defined, as:(7)
    D1=0tE(t)EImax|E(t)EImaxdt
    (8)
    D2=0tC(t)|C(t)1dt
    (9)
    Dmax=max(D1,D2)
    The element is deleted (or stress in local integration point is set to zero), if:(10)
    DmaxTmax

    (if Tmax is equal to default value, failure is immediate).

    Otherwise, when Tmax>Dmax>0 , softening is applied as follows (for all directions):(11)
    σ=σ(1DTmax)Nsoft

    The energy failure parameter will be activated as of input version 120 in /BEGIN.

  4. fail_ID is used with /STATE/BRICK/FAIL and /INIBRI/FAIL. There is no default value. If the line is blank, no value is output for the failure model variables in the /INIBRI/FAIL (written in .sta file with /STATE/BRICK/FAIL option).
  5. The following animation (/ANIM/BRICK) and time history (/TH/BRICK) outputs are available using USR (maximum value over integration points):
    EImax (only) ENmax or ETmax (only) EImax and

    (ENmax or ETmax)

    USR1 EIEImax MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaagKart1ev2aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbwvMCKfMBHbqefqvATv2CG4uz3bIuV1wyUbqedmvETj2BSbqefm0B1jxALjhiov2DaebbnrfifHhDYfgasaacH8WjY=vipgYlh9vqqj=hEeeu0xXdbba9frFj0=OqFfea0dXdd9vqai=hGuQ8kuc9pgc9q8qqaq=dir=f0=yqaiVgFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaGaaiGadiWaamaaceGaaqaacaqbaaGcbaWaaSaaaeaacaWGfbGaamysaaqaaiaadweacaWGjbWaaSbaaSqaaiGac2gacaGGHbGaaiiEaaqabaaaaaaa@3EEC@ max[(EnENmax)Nn+(EtETmax)Nt, EIEImax] MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaagKart1ev2aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbwvMCKfMBHbqefqvATv2CG4uz3bIuV1wyUbqedmvETj2BSbqefm0B1jxALjhiov2DaebbnrfifHhDYfgasaacH8WjY=vipgYlh9vqqj=hEeeu0xXdbba9frFj0=OqFfea0dXdd9vqai=hGuQ8kuc9pgc9q8qqaq=dir=f0=yqaiVgFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaGaaiGadiWaamaaceGaaqaacaqbaaGcbaGaciyBaiaacggacaGG4bWaamWaaeaadaqadaqaamaalaaabaGaamyraiaad6gaaeaacaWGfbGaamOtamaaBaaaleaaciGGTbGaaiyyaiaacIhaaeqaaaaaaOGaayjkaiaawMcaamaaCaaaleqabaGaamOtamaaBaaameaacaWGUbaabeaaaaGccqGHRaWkdaqadaqaamaalaaabaGaamyraiaadshaaeaacaWGfbGaamivamaaBaaaleaaciGGTbGaaiyyaiaacIhaaeqaaaaaaOGaayjkaiaawMcaamaaCaaaleqabaGaamOtamaaBaaameaacaWG0baabeaaaaGccaGGSaGaaeiiamaalaaabaGaamyraiaadMeaaeaacaWGfbGaamysamaaBaaaleaaciGGTbGaaiyyaiaacIhaaeqaaaaaaOGaay5waiaaw2faaaaa@5A51@
    USR2 (EnENmax)Nn+(EtETmax)Nt MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaagKart1ev2aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbwvMCKfMBHbqefqvATv2CG4uz3bIuV1wyUbqedmvETj2BSbqefm0B1jxALjhiov2DaebbnrfifHhDYfgasaacH8WjY=vipgYlh9vqqj=hEeeu0xXdbba9frFj0=OqFfea0dXdd9vqai=hGuQ8kuc9pgc9q8qqaq=dir=f0=yqaiVgFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaGaaiGadiWaamaaceGaaqaacaqbaaGcbaWaaeWaaeaadaWcaaqaaiaadweacaWGUbaabaGaamyraiaad6eadaWgaaWcbaGaciyBaiaacggacaGG4baabeaaaaaakiaawIcacaGLPaaadaahaaWcbeqaaiaad6eadaWgaaadbaGaamOBaaqabaaaaOGaey4kaSYaaeWaaeaadaWcaaqaaiaadweacaWG0baabaGaamyraiaadsfadaWgaaWcbaGaciyBaiaacggacaGG4baabeaaaaaakiaawIcacaGLPaaadaahaaWcbeqaaiaad6eadaWgaaadbaGaamiDaaqabaaaaaaa@4DE4@ (EnENmax)Nn+(EtETmax)Nt MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaagKart1ev2aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbwvMCKfMBHbqefqvATv2CG4uz3bIuV1wyUbqedmvETj2BSbqefm0B1jxALjhiov2DaebbnrfifHhDYfgasaacH8WjY=vipgYlh9vqqj=hEeeu0xXdbba9frFj0=OqFfea0dXdd9vqai=hGuQ8kuc9pgc9q8qqaq=dir=f0=yqaiVgFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaGaaiGadiWaamaaceGaaqaacaqbaaGcbaWaaeWaaeaadaWcaaqaaiaadweacaWGUbaabaGaamyraiaad6eadaWgaaWcbaGaciyBaiaacggacaGG4baabeaaaaaakiaawIcacaGLPaaadaahaaWcbeqaaiaad6eadaWgaaadbaGaamOBaaqabaaaaOGaey4kaSYaaeWaaeaadaWcaaqaaiaadweacaWG0baabaGaamyraiaadsfadaWgaaWcbaGaciyBaiaacggacaGG4baabeaaaaaakiaawIcacaGLPaaadaahaaWcbeqaaiaad6eadaWgaaadbaGaamiDaaqabaaaaaaa@4DE4@
    Where,
    EI
    Internal energy per connection element area
    En
    Internal energy in the normal direction per connection element area
    Et
    Internal energy in the shear direction per connection element area
      Ifail=0 Ifail=1
    USR3 max[fN(ε˙N)εNεmaxN,  fT(ε˙T)εTεmaxT] MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaagKart1ev2aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbbG8FasPYRqj0=yi0dXdbba9pGe9xq=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@5EBC@ fN(ε˙N)εNεmaxN MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaagKart1ev2aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbbG8FasPYRqj0=yi0dXdbba9pGe9xq=JbbG8A8frFve9Fve9Ff0dmeaabaqaciGacaGaaeqabaWaaeaaeaaakeaaciGGMbWaaSbaaSqaaiaad6eaaeqaaOWaaeWaaeaacuaH1oqzgaGaamaaBaaaleaacaWGobaabeaaaOGaayjkaiaawMcaaiabgwSixpaalaaabaGaeqyTdu2aaSbaaSqaaiaad6eaaeqaaaGcbaGaeqyTdu2aaSbaaSqaaiGac2gacaGGHbGaaiiEaiaad6eaaeqaaaaaaaa@4719@
    USR4 fT(ε˙T)εTεmaxT MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaagKart1ev2aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbbG8FasPYRqj0=yi0dXdbba9pGe9xq=JbbG8A8frFve9Fve9Ff0dmeaabaqaciGacaGaaeqabaWaaeaaeaaakeaaciGGMbWaaSbaaSqaaiaadsfaaeqaaOWaaeWaaeaacuaH1oqzgaGaamaaBaaaleaacaWGubaabeaaaOGaayjkaiaawMcaaiabgwSixpaalaaabaGaeqyTdu2aaSbaaSqaaiaadsfaaeqaaaGcbaGaeqyTdu2aaSbaaSqaaiGac2gacaGGHbGaaiiEaiaadsfaaeqaaaaaaaa@4731@ c4=fT(ε˙T)εTεmaxT MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaagKart1ev2aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbbG8FasPYRqj0=yi0dXdbba9pGe9xq=JbbG8A8frFve9Fve9Ff0dmeaabaqaciGacaGaaeqabaWaaeaaeaaakeaacaWGJbGaaGinaiabg2da9iGacAgadaWgaaWcbaGaamivaaqabaGcdaqadaqaaiqbew7aLzaacaWaaSbaaSqaaiaadsfaaeqaaaGccaGLOaGaayzkaaGaeyyXIC9aaSaaaeaacqaH1oqzdaWgaaWcbaGaamivaaqabaaakeaacqaH1oqzdaWgaaWcbaGaciyBaiaacggacaGG4bGaamivaaqabaaaaaaa@49DD@
    USR5   |εNεmaxNαNfN(ε˙N)|expN+|εTεmaxTαTfT(ε˙T)|expT>1 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaagKart1ev2aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLnhiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9vqaqpepm0xbbG8FasPYRqj0=yi0dXdbba9pGe9xq=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@7309@
    USR6 SOFT=(1DTmax)Nsoft MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaagKart1ev2aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbwvMCKfMBHbqefqvATv2CG4uz3bIuV1wyUbqedmvETj2BSbqefm0B1jxALjhiov2DaebbnrfifHhDYfgasaacH8akY=xipgYlh9vqqj=hEeeu0xXdbba9frFj0=OqFfea0dXdd9vqai=hGuQ8kuc9pgc9q8qqaq=dir=f0=yqaiVgFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaGaaiGadiWaamaaceGaaqaacaqbaaGcbaGaam4uaiaad+eacaWGgbGaamivaiabg2da9maabmGabaGaaGymaiabgkHiTmaalaaabaGaamiraaqaaiaadsfadaWgaaWcbaGaciyBaiaacggacaGG4baabeaaaaaakiaawIcacaGLPaaadaahaaWcbeqaaiaad6eadaWgaaadbaGaam4Caiaad+gacaWGMbGaamiDaaqabaaaaaaa@4A0F@ SOFT=(1DTmax)Nsoft MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaagKart1ev2aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbwvMCKfMBHbqefqvATv2CG4uz3bIuV1wyUbqedmvETj2BSbqefm0B1jxALjhiov2DaebbnrfifHhDYfgasaacH8akY=xipgYlh9vqqj=hEeeu0xXdbba9frFj0=OqFfea0dXdd9vqai=hGuQ8kuc9pgc9q8qqaq=dir=f0=yqaiVgFr0xfr=xfr=xb9adbaGaaiGadiWaamaaceGaaqaacaqbaaGcbaGaam4uaiaad+eacaWGgbGaamivaiabg2da9maabmGabaGaaGymaiabgkHiTmaalaaabaGaamiraaqaaiaadsfadaWgaaWcbaGaciyBaiaacggacaGG4baabeaaaaaakiaawIcacaGLPaaadaahaaWcbeqaaiaad6eadaWgaaadbaGaam4Caiaad+gacaWGMbGaamiDaaqabaaaaaaa@4A0F@
  6. The area is calculated as the mean value of the upper and lower surface of the solid element. If the actual area reaches the value of initial area multiplied by AREAscale factor, the whole element will be deleted. If the elements attached to the connect elements fail, this option can be used to prevent shooting nodes due to large deformation of the connect elements.