/PROP/TYPE6 (SOL_ORTH)

Block Format Keyword Describes the orthotropic solid property set. This property set is used to define the fiber plane for /MAT/LAW14(COMPS0), the steel reinforcement direction for /MAT/LAW24 (CONC) or the cell direction for /MAT/LAW28 (HONEYCOMB).

This property is only available for 8-node linear solid elements (/BRICK), tetrahedron elements (/TETRA4 and /TETRA10), and 2D solid elements (/QUAD). Quadratic bricks (/BRIC20 and /SHEL16) and pentahedron elements (/PENTA6) are not compatible with this property.

Format

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
/PROP/TYPE6/prop_ID/unit_ID or /PROP/SOL_ORTH/prop_ID/unit_ID
prop_title
Isolid Ismstr   Icpre Itetra10 Inpts Itetra4 Iframe dn
qa qb h        
Vx Vy Vz skew_ID Ip Iorth  
ϕ                
Δtmin                
To activate sol2SPH option: 11
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
Ndir sphpart_ID                

Definitions

Field Contents SI Unit Example
prop_ID Property identifier.

(Integer, maximum 10 digits)

 
unit_ID Unit Identifier.

(Integer, maximum 10 digits)

 
prop_title Property title.

(Character, maximum 100 characters)

 
Isolid Solid elements formulation flag.
For TETRA4 and TETRA10 only Isolid =1 is available.
= 0
Use value in /DEF_SOLID.
= 1 Default if /DEF_SOLID is not defined.
Standard 8-node solid element, one integration point. Viscous hourglass formulation with orthogonal and rigid deformation modes compensation (Belytschko).
= 2
Standard 8-node solid element, one integration point. Viscous hourglass formulation without orthogonality (Hallquist).
= 14
HA8, 8-node solid element, full integration, variable number of Gauss integration points, co-rotational system formulation, shear locking-free.
= 17
H8C 8-node solid element full integration formulation.
= 18
8-node solid element, Co-rotational, full integration, fixed 2*2*2 Gauss integration points, shear locking-free, Icpre and Ismstr defaults are based on material.
= 24
HEPH 8-node solid element. Co-rotational, under-integrated (1 Gauss point) with physical hourglass stabilization.

(Integer)

 
Ismstr Small strain formulation flag. 3
= -1
Automatically define the best value based on element type and material law.
= 0
Use value in /DEF_SOLID.
= 1
Small strain from time = 0
= 2
Full geometric nonlinearities with possible small strain formulation in Radioss Engine (/DT/BRICK/CST).
= 3
Simplified small strain formulation from time=0 (non-objective formulation).
= 4 Default, if /DEF_SOLID is not defined
Full geometric nonlinearities (/DT/BRICK/CST has no effect).
= 10
Lagrange type total strain.
= 12
Lagrange type total strain with possible small total strain formulation Radioss Engine (DT/BRICK/CST).

(Integer)

 
Icpre Constant pressure formulation flag. 4

Only valid when Isolid = 14, 17, 18 or 24.

= -1
Automatically define the best value based on element type and material law.
= 0
The formulation used depends on Isolid value. 1
= 1 Default, if Isolid = 17
Constant pressure formulation to prevent volumetric locking. Use with incompressible material, where ν 0.5 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbbG8FasPYRqj0=yi0dXdbba9pGe9xq=JbbG8A8frFve9 Fve9Ff0dmeaabaqaciGacaGaaeqabaWaaeaaeaaakeaacqaH9oGBcq GHijYUcaaIWaGaaiOlaiaaiwdaaaa@3BF2@ .
= 2
Formulation used is a function of plasticity. This allows the correct modeling of the elastic region when the material is compressible and the plastic region when the material becomes incompressible. Only available for elasto-plastic material laws.
= 3 Default, if Isolid=14 or 24
Standard formulation without constant pressure. Use with compressible materials, like foam.

(Integer)

 
Itetra10 10 node tetrahedral element formulation flag. 12
= 0
Use value in /DEF_SOLID.
= 2
Quadratic /TETRA10 formulation with four integration points and the same time step as a /TETRA4 element
= 1000
Default, if /DEF_SOLID not defined.
Quadratic /TETRA10 formulation with four integration points.

(Real)

 
Inpts Number of integration points (only for Isolid =14).

(Integer)

= ijk (Default = 222):

2 < i,j,k < 9 for Isolid =14.

Where:
i
Number of integration points in r direction.
j
Number of integration points in s direction.
k
Number of integration points in t direction.
 
Itetra4 4 node tetrahedral element formulation flag. 12
= 0
Use value in /DEF_SOLID.
= 1
Quadratic /TETRA4 formulation with six DOF per node and four integration points.
= 3
Linear /TETRA4 with an average nodal pressure formulation.
= 1000
Default, if /DEF_SOLID is not defined.
Linear /TETRA4 formulation with one integration point.

(Real)

 
Iframe Element coordinate system formulation flag (only for quad and standard and compatible 8-node bricks: Isolid = 1, 2, or 17, Isolid = 14 or 24 always use the co-rotational formulation.
= -1
Automatically define the best value based on element type and material law.
= 0
Use value in /DEF_SOLID.
= 1 Default, if /DEF_SOLID is not defined
= 2
Co-rotational formulation. Recommended for models with large rotations.

(Integer)

 
dn Numerical damping for stabilization .

Only valid if Isolid =24.

Default = 0.1 (Real)

 
qa Quadratic bulk viscosity.

Default = 1.10 (Real)

Default = 0.0 for /MAT/LAW70

 
qb Linear bulk viscosity.

Default = 0.05 (Real)

Default = 0.0 for /MAT/LAW70

 
h Hourglass viscosity coefficient.

Only valid if Isolid =1 or 2.

Default = 0.10 (Real) must be 0.0 < h < 0.15

 
Vx X component for reference vector. 9

(Real)

 
Vy Y component for reference vector. 9

(Real)

 
Vz Z component for reference vector. 9

(Real)

 
skew_ID Skew frame identifier defining orthotropic directions.

(Integer)

 
Ip Reference plane.
= 0 (Default for 3D solid elements)
Use skew_ID (skew_ID value must be different from 0).
= 1 (Default for 2D elements)
Plane (r,s) + angle ϕ .
= 2
Plane (s,t) + angle ϕ .
= 3
Plane (t,r) + angle ϕ .
= 11
Plane (r,s) + orthogonal projection of reference vector (Vx, Vy, and Vz) on plane (r,s).
= 12
Plane (s,t) + orthogonal projection of reference vector (Vx, Vy, and Vz) on plane (s,t).
= 13
Plane (t,r) + orthogonal projection of reference vector (Vx, Vy, and Vz) on plane (t,r).

(Integer)

 
Iorth Orthotropic system formulation flag.
= 0 (Default)
The first axis of orthotropy is maintained at constant angle with respect to the orthonormal co-rotational element coordinate system.
= 1
The first orthotropy direction is constant with respect to a non-orthonormal isoparametric coordinates.

(Integer)

 
ϕ Orthotropic angle with first reference plane direction. 10

Only used with Ip > 0.

(Real)

[ deg ]
Δ t min Minimum time step for solid elements.

Only available when using /DT/BRICK/CST or /DT/BRICK/DEL.

Default = 0.0 (Real)

[ s ]
Ndir Number of particle/direction for each solid element.
1
One particle in each direction.
2
Two particles in each direction, for a total of 8 particles.
3
Three particles in each direction, for a total of 27 particles.

(Integer)

 
sphpart_ID Part identifier describing the SPH properties for Sol2SPH.

(Integer)

 

Example 1

Uses skew

prop_type6_example
Figure 1.
#RADIOSS STARTER
#---1----|----2----|----3----|----4----|----5----|----6----|----7----|----8----|----9----|---10----|
#-  1. LOCAL_UNIT_SYSTEM:
#---1----|----2----|----3----|----4----|----5----|----6----|----7----|----8----|----9----|---10----|
/UNIT/2
unit for prop
#              MUNIT               LUNIT               TUNIT
                  kg                  mm                  ms
#---1----|----2----|----3----|----4----|----5----|----6----|----7----|----8----|----9----|---10----|
/SKEW/FIX/1
New SKEW 1
#                 OX                  OY                  OZ
                   0                 100                   0
#                 X1                  Y1                  Z1
                   1                   0                  -1
#                 X2                  Y2                  Z2
                   0                   1                   0
#---1----|----2----|----3----|----4----|----5----|----6----|----7----|----8----|----9----|---10----|
#-  2. GEOMETRICAL SETS:
#---1----|----2----|----3----|----4----|----5----|----6----|----7----|----8----|----9----|---10----|
/PROP/SOL_ORTH/1/2
SOL_ORTH example
#   Isolid    Ismstr               Icpre  Itetra10     Inpts   Itetra4    Iframe                  dn
        14         0                   1         0         0         0         0                   0
#                q_a                 q_b                   h
                   0                   0                   0
#                 Vx                  Vy                  Vz   skew_ID        Ip     Iorth
                   0                   0                   0         1         0         0
#                phi
                   0
#             dt_min
                   0
#---1----|----2----|----3----|----4----|----5----|----6----|----7----|----8----|----9----|---10----|
#enddata
#---1----|----2----|----3----|----4----|----5----|----6----|----7----|----8----|----9----|---10----|

Example 2

Uses Ip =1 and angle ϕ to get same material direction (fiber direction) m1.

prop_type6_example2
Figure 2.
#RADIOSS STARTER
#---1----|----2----|----3----|----4----|----5----|----6----|----7----|----8----|----9----|---10----|
#-  1. LOCAL_UNIT_SYSTEM:
#---1----|----2----|----3----|----4----|----5----|----6----|----7----|----8----|----9----|---10----|
/UNIT/2
unit for prop
#              MUNIT               LUNIT               TUNIT
                  kg                  mm                  ms
#---1----|----2----|----3----|----4----|----5----|----6----|----7----|----8----|----9----|---10----|
/PROP/SOL_ORTH/1/2
SOL_ORTH example
#   Isolid    Ismstr               Icpre  Itetra10     Inpts   Itetra4    Iframe                  dn
        14         0                   1                   0                   0                   0
#                q_a                 q_b                   h
                   0                   0                   0
#                 Vx                  Vy                  Vz   skew_ID        Ip     Iorth
                   0                   0                   0         0         1         0
#                phi
                  45
#             dt_min
                   0
#---1----|----2----|----3----|----4----|----5----|----6----|----7----|----8----|----9----|---10----|
#enddata
#---1----|----2----|----3----|----4----|----5----|----6----|----7----|----8----|----9----|---10----|

Comments

  1. Isolid - Solid elements formulation
    • Isolid =17, brick deviatoric behavior is computed using 8 Gauss points, but the bulk behavior can be chosen with Icpre, and compatible with all solid type material laws.
    • Isolid =24 (HEPH) solid elements use a physical hourglass formulation that is similar the hourglass formulation used by Ishell =24 (QEPH) shell elements. This hourglass formulation gives better results than the viscous hourglass formulation used by Isolid = 1 or 2.
    • Isolid =14 (HA8) is locking-free general solid formulation. Example: Inpts =222 is an 8 Gauss integration points solid. HA8 formulation is compatible with all orthotropic and isotropic material laws.
    • Isolid =18, the Icpre and Ismstr default values depend on the material and are recommended values:
      Default Material Laws
      Icpre = 2 2, 21, 22, 23, 24, 27, 36, 52, 79, 81, 84
      Icpre = 3 12, 14, 15, 25, 28, 50, 53, 68, and

      If ν 0.49 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbbG8FasPYRqj0=yi0dXdbba9pGe9xq=JbbG8A8frFve9 Fve9Ff0dmeaabaqaciGacaGaaeqabaWaaeaaeaaakeaacqaH9oGBcq GHKjYOcaaIWaGaaiOlaiaaisdacaaI5aaaaa@3CB8@ , then 1, 13, 16, 33, 34, 35, 38, 40, 41, 70 and 77

      Icpre =1 All other laws and

      If ν 0.49 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbbG8FasPYRqj0=yi0dXdbba9pGe9xq=JbbG8A8frFve9 Fve9Ff0dmeaabaqaciGacaGaaeqabaWaaeaaeaaakeaacqaH9oGBcq GHLjYScaaIWaGaaiOlaiaaisdacaaI5aaaaa@3CC9@ , then 1, 13, 16, 33, 34, 35, 38, 40, 41, 70, and 77

      Ismstr = 10 38, 42, 62, 69, 82, 88, 92, 94, 95
      Ismstr = 11 70
      Ismstr = 1 28
      Ismstr = 2 All other laws
  2. When using the automatic setting option Ismstr = Icpre = Iframe=-1, the values for these options are defined using the best options based on the element formulation, element type, and material. Alternatively, defining Ismstr = Icpre = Iframe=-2 will overwrite the values for these options defined in this property with the best value based on element type and material law. To see the values defined by Radioss, review the “PART ELEMENT/MATERIAL PARAMETER REVIEW” section of the Starter output file.
  3. Small strain:
    • If the small strain option is set (Ismstr=1 or 3), the strains and stresses used in material laws and output to time history and animation result files are engineering strains and stresses. Otherwise, they are true strains and stresses.
    • The Radioss Engine option /DT/BRICK/CST will only work for brick property sets with Ismstr =2 and 12.
    • The flag Ismstr =10 and 12 are only compatible with material LAW28 which uses total strain formulation.
    • Ismstr=12 is compatible with /DT/BRICK/CST, and total strain will be switched to small total strain, but not like the case of Ismstr=2, there is slight discontinuity of stresses during the passage.
    • Starting with version 2017, Lagrangian elements whose volume becomes negative during a simulation will automatically switch strain formulations to allow the simulation to continue. When this occurs, a WARNING message will be printed in the Engine output file. The following options are supported.
      Element Type and Formulation Strain Formulation Negative Volume Handling Method
      /BRICK

      Isolid=1, 2, 14, 17, 24

      /TETRA4

      /TETRA10

      Full geometric nonlinearities.

      Ismstr = 2, 4.

      Switch to small strain using element shape from cycle before negative volume.
      Lagrange type total strain .

      Ismstr = 10, 12.

      Lagrange type total strain with element shape at time=0.0.
  4. Icpre - Constant pressure formulation flag
    • Icpre =1 is used to prevent volumetric locking in incompressible or quasi-incompressible material. For this case, the stress tensor is decomposed into a spherical and deviatoric part. Reduced integration is then used for the spherical part so that the pressure remains constant.
    • Icpre =2 is only available for elasto-plastic laws. To prevent volume locking, additional terms with Poisson’s coefficient are added to the strain. When in the material is still elastic and thus compressible, the Poisson’s coefficient terms are small. As the material becomes plastic and thus incompressible, the Poisson’s coefficient terms increase to prevent volume locking. Refer to the Radioss Theory Manual for additional explanation.
  5. Co-rotational formulation:

    For Isolid =1 or 2, and Iframe =2, the stress tensor is computed in a co-rotational coordinate system. This formulation is more accurate if large rotations are involved, at the expense of higher computation cost. It is recommended in case of elastic or visco-elastic problems with important shear deformations. Co-rotational formulation is compatible with 8 node bricks. Co-rotational formulation is also compatible with bi-dimensional and axisymmetric analysis (/QUAD) element).

  6. dn - Numerical damping and h - hourglass viscosity coefficient
    • Numerical damping dn is used in the hourglass stress calculation for Isolid=24 (HEPH) solid elements.
    • When comparing results between Isolid=24 and Isolid =1 or 2 where dn=h, the numerical damping is ( 2 / 3 ) × 10 3 MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaWaaeWaaeaada WcgaqaaiaaikdaaeaacaaIZaaaaaGaayjkaiaawMcaaiabgEna0kaa igdacaaIWaWaaWbaaSqabeaacqGHsislcaaIZaaaaaaa@3E72@ times smaller for Isolid =24 than Isolid =1 or 2.
  7. Output for post-processing
    • For post-processing solid element stress, refer to /ANIM/BRICK/TENS for animation and /TH/BRICK for plot files.
    • In animation file, if elements are using co-rotational formulation,
      • Isolid =14, 24 (co-rotational frame always used)
      • Iframe =2 with Isolid =1, 2, 17

      Then the stress output is represented in material orthotropic coordinate system defined in /PROP/SOL_ORTH. Otherwise (co-rotational formulation not used), then the stress components (SIGX, SIGY, SIGZ, SIGXY, SIGYZ, and SIGXZ) are expressed in global coordinate system.

    • In plot files, the stress components SX, SY, SZ, SXY, SYZ, and SXZ are expressed in the global frame and the stress tensors components LSX, LSY, LSZ, LSXY, LSYZ, and LSXZ are expressed in the orthotropic frame (refer to /TH/BRIC for post-processing solid element stress in plot files).
  8. Isoparametric systems (r-s-t)
    For 8 node bricks (Isolid =1 or 2), 4-node tetrahedron and 10-node tetrahedron, the orthotropic system rotates like the orthogonalized isoparametric system. Attention must be paid to the orientation of the orthotropic system in case of large shear.

    clip0100
    Figure 3.

    r, s, t: isoparametric frame

    r: center of (1, 2, 6, 5) to center of (4, 3, 7, 8)

    s: center of (1, 2, 3, 4) to center of (5, 6, 7, 8)

    t: center of (1, 4, 8, 5) to center of (2, 3, 7, 6)

    clip0101
    Figure 4.
  9. Orthotropy direction
    For 3D solid elements, there are three different ways to define orthotropy direction:
    • With Ip= 0 and skew_ID ≠ 0, skew is used.

      Then no reference plane is used; skew is taken directly as the orthotropic system (in this case r =x, s =y, and t =z). x-direction is orthotropy direction 1 and y-direction is orthotropy direction 2.

    • With Ip = 1, 2 or 3, orthogonalized isoparametric system (r’-s’-t’) and orthotropic angle are used:
      The orthotropic system initial orientation (1-2-3) is defined with respect to the initial orthogonalized isoparametric system (r’-s’-t’) , as:

      starter_prop_sol-orth
      Figure 5.

      starter_prop_sol-orth_ip2
      Figure 6.

      In this case, the orthotropic system initial orientation is defined the same way as for bricks, Isolid = 0, 1 or 2 (that is with respect to the orthogonalized isoparametric system), and knowledge of the co-rotational system orientation is unnecessary to input the orthotropic system initial orientation.

    • With Ip = 11, 12 or 13, orthogonalized isoparametric system (r’-s’-t’) and reference vector V MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaaCOvaaaa@36D5@ are used:

      In this case, Global vector V MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaaCOvaaaa@36D5@ may be used to define the orthotropy direction. If this reference vector is orthogonal to plane, first axis of the plane is taken as orthotropy direction.

    For 2D solid elements (/QUAD), there are two different ways to define orthotropy direction:
    • With Ip = 1, isoparametric system (r-s) and orthotropic angle ϕ are used. 10
    • With Ip = 11, Reference vector V MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaaCOvaaaa@36D5@ is used: Global vector V MathType@MTEF@5@5@+= feaagKart1ev2aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq=Jc9 vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0=yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr=x fr=xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaaCOvaaaa@36D5@ may be used to define the orthotropy direction. If this reference vector is orthogonal to plane, first axis of the plane (r-s) is taken as orthotropy direction.
  10. ϕ - orthotropic angle

    For 2D solid elements (/QUAD):

    Orthotropic angle ϕ is defined with respect to the first direction of the isoparametric frame (r-s).

    prop_sol_orth_quad
    Figure 7.

    For 3D solid elements:

    If Iframe =2 (co-rotational formulation), the orthotropic system rotates like the co-rotational system. A co-rotational system is an orthogonalization of isoparametric systems (r-s-t) that has the same orientation whatever the permutation of r, s, t.

  11. Solid to SPH properties (Sol2SPH)
    • When using Sol2SPH, solid elements are converted to SPH particles when a solid is deleted due to contact, a material failure criteria or time step criteria.
    • The number activated of SPH particles depends on parameter Ndir. The particles properties are computed using the sphpart_ID part number.
    • Skew definition is not required in the SPH property as the skew definition and orientation is automatically transmitted from the solid to the particles. It is not advised to use the same SPH part ID for an isotropic and orthotropic Sol2SPH part.

    The option Sol2SPH is only compatible with Isolid = 1, 2 or 24, Iframe = 1 or 2.

  12. The Isolid flag is not used with 4-node (/TETRA4) or 10-node (/TETRA10) tetrahedron elements.

    4-node tetrahedron with Itetra4 = 1 and 10-node tetrahedron Itetra10 = 2 are compatible with all small strain formulation Ismstr.

    4-node tetrahedron with Itetra4 = 1000 and all 10-node tetrahedron Itetra10 = 2, 1000 are compatible with Ismstr = 10, 11 and 12.