/DTPG
Optimization Keyword Defines parameters for the generation of topography design variables.
Format
(1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) | (7) | (8) | (9) | (10) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
/DTPG/dtpg_ID | |||||||||
title | |||||||||
TYPE | grpart_ID | dvg_ID | PATRN | PATRN2 | PATREP | BOUNDS |
(1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) | (7) | (8) | (9) | (10) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
MW | ANG | BF | HGT | SKIP | |||||
norm | XD | YD | ZD |
(1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) | (7) | (8) | (9) | (10) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
TYP | AID | XA | YA | ZA | |||||
FID | XF | YF | ZF |
(1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) | (7) | (8) | (9) | (10) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
UCYC | SID | XS | YS | ZS |
(1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) | (7) | (8) | (9) | (10) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
LB | UB | INIT |
(1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) | (7) | (8) | (9) | (10) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ptrepCID | |||||||||
CAID | XCA | YCA | ZCA | ||||||
CFID | XCF | YCF | ZCF | ||||||
CSID | XCS | YCS | ZCS | ||||||
CTID | XCT | YCT | ZCT |
(1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) | (7) | (8) | (9) | (10) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
mainID | SX | SY | SZ | ||||||
ptrepCID | |||||||||
CAID | XCA | YCA | ZCA | ||||||
CFID | XCF | YCF | ZCF | ||||||
CSID | XCS | YCS | ZCS | ||||||
CTID | XCT | YCT | ZCT |
Definitions
Field | Contents | SI Unit Example |
---|---|---|
dtpg_ID | Topography design variable
identifier. (Integer > 0) |
|
title | Title. (Character, maximum 100 characters) |
|
TYPE | Indicates whether
topography design variable is defined by PART group or
/DVGRID.
(Integer) |
|
grpart_ID | Part group identifier
defining the design space, it must be defined explicitly only when
TYPE =1. (Integer > 0) |
|
dvg_ID | /DVGRID
identifier defining the design variable number of a set of
DVGRIDs, it must be defined explicitly only
when TYPE =2. (Integer > 0) |
|
MW | Bead minimum width. This
parameter controls the width of the beads in the model [recommended
value between 1.5 and 2.5 times the average element width]. 1 (Real > 0.0) |
|
ANG | Draw angle in degrees.
This parameter controls the angle of the sides of the beads
(recommended value between 60 and 75 degrees). 1 (1.0 < Real < 89.0) |
|
BF | Active buffer zone flag.
This parameter will establish a buffer zone between elements in the
design domain and elements outside the design domain. 2.
Default = 1 (Integer) |
|
HGT | Draw height. This
parameter sets the maximum height of the beads to be drawn. This
field is only valid if TYPE
=1. (Real > 0.0) |
|
norm | Indicates if shape
variable is created in the normal directions of the elements. (only
valid when TYPE =1).
(Integer or blank) |
|
XD, YD, ZD | The X, Y and Z component
of a vector in the global coordinate system. If all these three
values are Real, the shape variable will be created in the direction
specified by the xyz vector defined by the three fields. (only valid
when TYPE =1) (Real or blank) |
|
SKIP | Skip boundary flag. This
parameter tells the solver to leave certain nodes out of the design
domain. This field is only valid if TYPE
=1.
(Integer) |
|
PATRN | Active pattern grouping flag.
(Integer) |
|
TYP | Variable grouping pattern
type. Required if any symmetry or variable pattern grouping is
desired. If zero or blank, anchor node, first vector, and second
vector definitions are ignored. If less than 20, second vector
definition is ignored. 4 Default = 0 (Integer ≥ 0) |
|
AID | Variable pattern grouping
anchor node identifier. 3
(Integer > 0 or blank) |
|
XA, YA, ZA | Coordinates of the pattern
grouping anchor point. 3
(Real or blank) |
|
FID | Node identifier that
defines the direction of the first vector for variable pattern
grouping. 3
(Integer > 0 or blank) |
|
XF, YF, ZF | Components of the first
vector defining pattern grouping. 3
(Real or blank) |
|
PATRN2 | Active variable pattern
grouping flag.
(Integer) |
|
UCYC | Number of cyclical
repetitions for cyclical symmetry. This field defines the number of
radial "wedges" for cyclical symmetry. The angle of each wedge is
computed as 360.0/UCYC. 4 Default = blank (Integer > 0 or blank) |
|
SID | Node identifier of the
second point for pattern grouping definition. 3
(Integer or blank) |
|
XS, YS, ZS | Coordinates of second
point for pattern grouping. 3
(Real or blank) |
|
BOUNDS | Indicates that information
on upper and lower limits and the initial value for grid movement
are defined.
(Integer) |
|
LB | Lower bound on variables
controlling grid movement. This sets the lower bound on grid
movement equal to LB*HGT. Default = 0.0 (Real < UB) |
|
UB | Upper bound on variables
controlling grid movement. This sets the upper bound on grid
movement equal to UB*HGT. Default = 1.0 (Real > LB) |
|
INIT | The initial value of the
variables controlling grid movement. This sets the initial value on
grid movement equal to INIT*HGT. (LB < Real < UB) |
|
PATREP | Pattern repetition
definition flag.
(Integer) |
|
mainID | Main
/DTPG identifier for pattern
definition. (Integer > 0) Only needed for PATREP =2 |
|
SX, SY, SZ | Scale factors for pattern
repetition in X, Y, and Z directions, respectively. Default = 1.0 (Real > 0.0) |
|
ptrepCID | Skew identifier used as
the pattern repetition coordinate system. 6 Default = 0 (Integer ≥ 0) |
|
CAID | Node identifier of an
anchor point for the definition of a pattern repetition coordinate
system. 6
(Integer > 0 or blank) |
|
XCA, YCA, ZCA | Coordinates of the anchor
point for the definition of a pattern repetition coordinate system.
6
(Real or blank) |
|
CFID | Node identifier of the
first point for the definition of a pattern repetition coordinate
system. 6
(Integer > 0 or blank) |
|
XCF, YCF, ZCF | Coordinates of the first
point for the definition of a pattern repetition coordinate system.
6
(Real or blank) |
|
CSID | Node identifier of the
second point for the definition of a pattern repetition coordinate
system. 6
(Integer > 0 or blank) |
|
XCS, YCS, ZCS | Coordinates of the second
point for the definition of a pattern repetition coordinate system.
6
(Real or blank) |
|
CTID | Node identifier of the
third point for the definition of a pattern repetition coordinate
system. 6
(Integer > 0 or blank) |
|
XCT, YCT, ZCT | Coordinates of the third
point for the definition of a pattern repetition coordinate system.
6
(Real or blank) |
Comments
- The bead minimum width and draw angles are used to determine the geometry of the shape variables. Figure 1 shows a cross-section of a single shape variable fully extended normal to the plane of the design elements. The top of the bead is flat across the circular area with a diameter equal to the minimum bead width parameter. The sides of the bead taper down at an angle equal to the draw angle parameter.
- The buffer zone is a parameter that controls how the interfaces between design and non-design elements are treated. If active, OptiStruct will place the shape variables far enough away from the non-design elements so that the proper bead widths and draw angles are maintained. If inactive, the boundary between the beads and non-design elements will have an abrupt transition. Any nodes that were skipped due to the boundary skip parameter will also have a buffer zone created around them.
- Symmetry of topography optimization can be enforced across one, two, or three planes. Defining symmetry planes for symmetric model and loading conditions is recommended because automatic variable generation may not be symmetric if it is not enforced. A symmetric mesh is not necessary, OptiStruct will create variables that are very close to identical across the plane(s) of symmetry. If the mesh is larger on one side of the plane(s) of symmetry than the other, OptiStruct will reflect variables created on the 'positive' side of the plane(s) of symmetry to the other side(s) but will not create variables on the 'negative' side(s) of the plane(s) of symmetry that do not overlap with the positive side. The positive side of the plane(s) of symmetry is the one in which the first vector, second vector, and cross product thereof are pointing toward.
- Variable pattern grouping may be
defined for a DTPG card. OptiStruct will generate shape variables based on the type of pattern selected in field
TYP. For variable grouping pattern types 1 through 14,
only the first vector and anchor node need to be defined. For variable pattern
grouping types 20 or higher, the first and second vectors need to be defined as
well as the anchor node. If a grid is used to define the first vector, the
normal vector will begin at the anchor point and extend towards the given grid
(see below). Grids or xyz data may be used to define the first vector, second
vector, or anchor point and can be a mixture (that is the anchor point may be
determined by a grid and the first vector determined by xyz data or
vice-versa).One very useful feature for topography optimization in OptiStruct is the automatic generation of shape variables in simple patterns. In many cases, due to manufacturing constraints or the risk of elements being collapsed upon them during shape optimization, it is required to create shape variables in patterns that conform to the desired shape of the part. In basic topography optimization (TYP = 0), OptiStruct creates shape variables that are circular. OptiStruct contains a library of different shape variable patterns which can be accessed using the TYP parameter on the DTPG card.The second vector is calculated by taking the grid point (SID) or vector defined in fields XS, YS, and ZS and projecting it onto plane 1. If a grid point was used to define the second vector, the second vector is a vector running from the anchor node to the projected grid point. If a vector was used to define the second vector, the base of the projected vector is placed at the anchor point. The second vector is normal to plane 2.Plane 3 is determined to be normal to both plane 1 and plane 2.
- For a list of patterns supported by OptiStruct, refer to Pattern Grouping Options.
- Pattern repetition allows similar
regions of the design domain to be linked together so as to produce similar
topographical layouts. This is facilitated through the definition of "Main" and
"Secondary" regions. A DTPG card may only contain one
MAIN or SECOND flag. Bead parameters
will not be exported for any DTPG cards containing the
SECOND flag. For both "Main" and "Secondary" regions, a
pattern repetition coordinate system is required and is described following the
COORD flag. In order to facilitate reflection, the
coordinate system may be a left-handed or right-handed Cartesian system. The
coordinate system may be defined in one of two ways, listed here in order of
precedence:
- Three points are defined and these are utilized as follows to define the
coordinate system (this is the only way to define a left-handed system):
- A vector from the anchor point to the first point defines the x-axis
- The second point lies on the x-y plane, indicating the positive sense of the y-axis
- The third point indicates the positive sense of the z-axis
- A rectangular coordinate system and an anchor point are defined. If only
an anchor point is defined, it is assumed that the basic coordinate
system is to be used.
Multiple "Secondary" may reference the same "Main."
Scale factors may be defined for "Secondary" regions, allowing the "Main" layout to be adjusted.
For a more detailed description, refer to the Pattern Repetition page contained within the User Guide section Topography Optimization.
- Three points are defined and these are utilized as follows to define the
coordinate system (this is the only way to define a left-handed system):