Load Collectors

Load collectors collect and organize loads, constraints, and equations.

Abaqus Cards

Loads or constraints that are to be used as history data (under *STEP) should be collected into load collectors with the HISTORY card image. These load collectors also need to be added to the corresponding load steps (*STEP). In contrast, loads or constraints for model data should be collected into load collectors with INITIAL_CONDITION card image. They will automatically be written out in the model portion of the Abaqus input deck.

Note: All loads and boundary conditions on sets can be expanded to individual nodes and elements by selecting the Expand load on sets option in the File Options dialog, which is invoked upon importing a solver deck. If a **HMLOAD_SETS_EXPAND comment is found in the input file, all loads and boundary conditions on sets are expanded to individual nodes and elements.

Card	Description
*CFILM	Defines film coefficients and associated sink temperatures at one or more nodes or vertices. Note: Only in HISTORY card image.
*CONNECTOR HARDENING
*CONNECTOR LOAD	Specifies loads for available components of relative motion in connector elements. Note: Only in HISTORY card image.
*CONNECTOR MOTION	Specifies the motion of available components of relative motion in connector elements. Note: In both HISTORY and INTIAL_CONDITION card image.
*DSLOAD	Specifies distributed surface loads. Note: Only in HISTORY card image.
*INERTIA RELIEF	Applies inertia-based load balancing. Note: Only in HISTORY card image of Standard template.
*INITIAL_CONDITION_FLUID_PRESSURE	Specifies initial pressures for hydrostatic fluid filled cavities.
*INITIAL_CONDITION_TEMPERATURE	Specifies initial temperatures for heat transfer analysis.
*INITIAL_CONDITION_TYPE_STRESS	Specifies initial stresses.
*INITIAL_CONDITION_VELOCITY	Specifies initial velocities for dynamic analysis.
*SFILM	Define film coefficients and associated sink temperatures over a surface for heat transfer analysis. Note: Only in HISTORY card image.

EXODUS Cards

Card	Description
Acceleration
Boundary
Force
Flux
Moment
Thermal
Velocity

LS-DYNA Cards

Load collector information is specified with a required $HMNAME comment card and an optional $HMCOLOR comment card. If an input translator encounters one of these comments while reading a load card, a new load collector is created. For the comments to be valid, they must follow a load keyword or the last line of the previous Structured block. The loads that follow a $HMNAME LOADCOLS comment are read into that collector. If there is a new keyword or structured block, the previous load collector information is ignored.

For non-HyperMesh generated input decks, loads are divided into collectors based on classification. The following load collectors are created:

Mechanical loads for forces and moments
Constraints/Displacements
Velocities
Accelerations
Pressures

If translational or rotational constraints are defined in the input model, they are placed in a separate load collector named Nodal Constraints.

Load collectors are not used by LS-DYNA, but are useful for visualization. Additional load collectors can be defined to describe other entities.

Card	Description
*BOUNDARY_NON_REFLECTING	Define a non-reflecting boundary. This option applies to continuum domains modeled with solid elements.
*BOUNDARY_NON_REFLECTING_2D	Define a non-reflecting boundary. This option applies to continuum domains modeled with two-dimensional solid elements in the 𝑥𝑦 plane.
*BOUNDARY_PRESCRIBED_ACCELEROMETER_RIGID	Prescribe the motion of a rigid body based on experimental data obtained from accelerometers affixed to the rigid body.
*CONSTRAINED_RIGID_BODY_STOPPERS	Stops the motion based on a time dependent constraint. The stopper overrides prescribed motion boundary conditions, except relative displacement, operating in the same direction for both the main and secondary rigid bodies.
*DEFINE_CURVE_FEEDBACK	Define information that is used as the solution evolves to scale the ordinate values of the specified load curve ID.
*DEFORMABLE_TO_RIGID	Define materials to be switched to rigid at the start of the calculation. Note: Select an arraycount for the PSID and MRB pairs.
*DEFORMABLE_TO_RIGID_AUTOMATIC	Define a set of parts to be switched to rigid or to deformable at some stage during the calculation. Note: Change the option to automatic and card edit. In the D2R fields enter the number of PIDs that need to be converted to Rigid. Create an entity set of comps of the secondary PIDs and select the set.
*DEFORMABLE_TO_RIGID_INERTIA	Inertial properties can be defined for the new rigid bodies that are created when the deformable parts are switched. These can only be defined in the initial input if they are needed in a later restart.
*INITIAL_AXIAL_FORCE_BEAM	Initialize the axial force resultants in beam elements that are used to model bolts.
*INITIAL_CONTACT_WEAR	Initialize contact wear for simulation of wear processes.
*INITIAL_CRASHFRONT	Card allows the user to initialize crashfront nodes for damage that may occur prior to the simulation.
*INITIAL_DETONATION	Define points to initiate the location of high explosive detonations in part IDs which use the material (type 8) *MAT_HIGH_EXPLOSIVE_BURN.
*INITIAL_STRESS_SECTION	Initialize stress in solid sections
*INITIAL_VEHICLE_KINEMATICS	Define initial kinematical information for a vehicle.
*INITIAL_VELOCITY_GENERATION_START_TIME	Define a time to initialize velocities after time zero.
*INTERFACE_SPRINGBACK	Define a material subset for an implicit springback calculation in LS-DYNA and any nodal constraint to eliminate rigid body degrees-of-freedom.
*INTERFACE_SPRINGBACK_LSDYNA
*INTERFACE_SPRINGBACK_LSDYNA_NOTHICKNESS
*INTERFACE_SPRINGBACK_LSDYNA_THICKNESS
*INTERFACE_SPRINGBACK_NASTRAN
*INTERFACE_SPRINGBACK_NASTRAN_NOTHICKNESS
*INTERFACE_SPRINGBACK_NASTRAN_THICKNESS
*INTERFACE_SPRINGBACK_SEAMLESS
*INTERFACE_SPRINGBACK_SEAMLESS_NOTHICKNESS
*INTERFACE_SPRINGBACK_SEAMLESS_THICKNESS
*LOAD_BLAST	Define an airblast function for the application of pressure loads due to explosives in conventional weapons.
*LOAD_BODY_GENERALIZED	Define body force loads due to a prescribed base acceleration or prescribed angular velocity over a subset of the complete problem.
*LOAD_BODY_PARTS	Define body force loads due to a prescribed base acceleration or angular velocity using global axes directions. Note: Select component set.
*LOAD_BODY_VECTOR	Define body force loads due to a prescribed base acceleration or angular Velocity, for loading in any direction, specified by vector components
*LOAD_BRODE	Define Brode function for application of pressure loads due to explosion.
*LOAD_SUPERELASTIC_FORMING	Perform superplastic forming (SPF) analysis, this option must be used with material model 64, *MAT_RATE_SENSITIVE_POWERLAW_PLASTICITY, for strain rate sensitive, powerlaw plasticity.

Nastran Cards

Nastran supports specific and generic load collectors. Specific load collectors have a card image which can be edited to group other load collectors together for simultaneous application in a single subcase, or to provide special information for a specific analysis type, such as modal analysis. Use specific load collectors for specialized loading cards, such as SPCADD, MPCADD, EIGRL, EIGB, EIGC, EIGP, EIGR, FREQ, FREQ1, LOAD, GRAV, RFORCE, and TEMPD. Generic load collectors do not have a card image. Use generic load collectors to collect loads and constraints for display purposes and to assign an ID to the loads.

General boundary conditions, such as loads and constraints, should not be collected into specific load collectors. Organizing loads and constraints into a specific load collector may result in an error termination.

When a Nastran deck is imported into HyperMesh, loads that have the same SID are collected into the same load collector. If a load collector already exists in the database with the same SID, one of the following can occur:

If overwrite is off (default), the new load collector’s ID is offset and all loads in that collector will have a new SID upon export.
If overwrite is on, the new load collector replaces the existing load collector. The original load collector and the loads it contains are deleted.

Card	Description
ACSRCE	Defines the power versus frequency curve for a simple acoustic source.
AEFACT	Defines real numbers for aeroelastic analysis.
AEPARM	Defines a general aerodynamic trim variable degree-of-freedom (aerodynamic extra point).
AESTAT	Specifies rigid body motions to be used as trim variables in static aeroelasticity.
AEFORCE	Defines a vector of absolute or “per unit dynamic pressure” forces associated with a particular control vector.
BCPARA	Defines contact parameters.
BCRPARA
BMFACE
DAMPING	Defines a parameter and hybrid damping specification.
DELAY	Defines the time delay term in the equations of the dynamic loading function. Note: Supported as constraints.
DLOAD	Defines a dynamic loading condition for frequency response or transient response problems as a linear combination of load sets defined via RLOAD1 or RLOAD2 entries for frequency response or TLOAD1 or TLOAD2 entries for transient response
DTI SPECSEL	Defines table data blocks
EIGB	Defines data needed to perform buckling analysis
EIGC	Defines data needed to perform complex eigenvalue analysis
EIGP	Defines poles that are used in complex eigenvalue extraction by the Determinant method
EIGR	Defines data needed to perform real eigenvalue analysis
EIGRL	Defines data needed to perform real eigenvalue (vibration or buckling) analysis with the Lanczos method
FLFACT	Used to specify density ratios, Mach numbers, reduced frequencies, and velocities for flutter analysis.
FLUTTER	Defines data needed to perform flutter analysis.
FREQ	Defines a set of frequencies to be used in the solution of frequency response problems. Note: Defined using FREQi.
FREQ1	Defines a set of frequencies to be used in the solution of frequency response problems by specification of a starting frequency, frequency increment, and the number of increments desired. Note: Defined using FREQi.
FREQ2	Alternative form of frequency list. Defines a set of frequencies to be used in the solution of frequency response problems by specification of a starting frequency, final frequency, and the number of logarithmic increments desired. Note: Defined using FREQi.
FREQ3	Frequency List, Alternate Form 3. Defines a set of frequencies for the modal method of frequency response analysis by specifying the number of frequencies between modal frequencies. Note: Defined using FREQi.
FREQ4	Frequency List, Alternate Form 4. Defines a set of frequencies for the modal method of frequency response analysis by specifying the amount of "spread" around each modal frequency and the number of equally spaced frequencies within the spread. Note: Defined using FREQi.
FREQ5	Frequency List, Alternate Form 5. Defines a set of frequencies for the modal method of frequency response analysis by specification of a frequency range and fractions of the natural frequencies within that range. Note: Defined using FREQi.
GRAV	Defines acceleration vectors for gravity or other acceleration loading
GUST	Selects the gust field in an aeroelastic response problem.
HYBDAMP	Defines a hybrid modal damping for direct dynamic solutions.
LOAD	Defines a static load as a linear combination of load sets defined via FORCE, MOMENT, FORCE1, MOMENT1, FORCE2, MOMENT2, PLOAD, PLOAD1, PLOAD2, PLOAD4, PLOADX1, SLOAD, RFORCE, and GRAV entries.
LSEQ	Defines a sequence of static load sets.
MARCOUT	Selects output to be saved on the Marc t16 end/or t19 file(s) used in SOL 600 only.
MFLUID	Defines the properties of an incompressible fluid volume for the purpose of generating a virtual mass matrix
MKAERO1	Provides a table of Mach numbers (m) and reduced frequencies (k) for aerodynamic matrix calculation.
MPCADD	Defines a multipoint constraint set as a union of multipoint constraint sets defined via MPC entries.
NLAUTO	Defines parameters for automatic or fixed load/time stepping used in SOL 600 only.
NLDAMP	Defines damping constants for nonlinear analysis when Marc is executed from SOL 600 only.
NLPARM	Defines a set of parameters for nonlinear static analysis iteration strategy
NLRGAP	Defines a nonlinear radial (circular) gap for transient response or nonlinear harmonic response.
NLSTEP	Describes the control parameters for Mechanical, Thermal and Coupled Analysis in SOL 400 and for Linear Contact Analysis in SOL 101.
NLSTRAT	Defines strategy parameters for nonlinear structural analysis used in SOL 600 only.
NOLIN1	Defines a forcing function for transient responses or nonlinear harmonic responses.
NSMADD	Defines non structural mass as the sum of the sets listed.
NTHICK	Defines nodal thickness values for beams, plates and/or shells.
RADCAV	Identifies the characteristics of each radiant enclosure.
RANDPS	Defines load set power spectral density factors for use in random analysis having the frequency dependent form: $S_{j k} (F) = (X + i Y) G (F)$
RFORCE	Defines a static loading condition due to an angular velocity and/or acceleration
RLOAD1	Defines a frequency-dependent dynamic load of the form: ${P (f)} = {A} [C (f) + i D (f)] e^{i {0 - 2 π f τ}}$ for use in frequency response problems
RLOAD2	Defines a frequency-dependent dynamic excitation of the form: ${P (f)} = {A} \cdot B (f) e^{i {ϕ (f) + 0 - 2 π f τ}}$ for use in frequency response problems
RSPEC	Defines a directional combination method, modal combination method, excitation direction(s), response spectra and scale factors for response spectrum analysis.
SPC1	Defines a single-point constraint, alternate form.
SPCADD	Defines a single-point constraint set as a union of single-point constraint sets defined on SPC or SPC1 entries
SPCR	Defines an enforced relative displacement value for a load step in SOL 400 and SOL 600.
TABDMP1	Defines modal damping as a tabular function of natural frequency
TABLED1	Defines a tabular function for use in generating frequency-dependent and time-dependent dynamic loads
TABLED2	Defines a tabular function for use in generating frequency-dependent and time-dependent dynamic loads. Also contains parametric data for use with the table
TABLED3	Defines a tabular function for use in generating frequency-dependent and time-dependent dynamic loads. Also contains parametric data for use with the table
TABLED4	Defines the coefficients of a power series for use in generating frequency-dependent and time-dependent dynamic loads. Also contains parametric data for use with the table
TABLEM1	Defines a tabular function for use in generating temperature-dependent material properties.
TABLEM2	Defines a tabular function for use in generating temperature-dependent material properties. Also contains parametric data for use with the table.
TABLEM3	Defines a tabular function for use in generating temperature-dependent material properties. Also contains parametric data for use with the table.
TABLEM4	Defines coefficients of a power series for use in generating temperature-dependent material properties. Also contains parametric data for use with the table.
TABLES1	Defines a tabular function for stress-dependent material properties such as the stress-strain curve (MATS1 entry), creep parameters (CREEP entry) and hyperelastic material parameters (MATHP entry).
TABLEST	Specifies the material property tables for nonlinear elastic temperature-dependent materials
TABRND1	Defines power spectral density as a tabular function of frequency for use in random analysis. Referenced by the RANDPS entry.
TEMPD	Defines a temperature value for all grid points of the structural model that have not been given a temperature on a TEMP entry.
TIC	Defines values for the initial conditions of variables used in structural transient analysis. Both displacement and velocity values may be specified at independent degrees-of-freedom. This entry may not be used for heat transfer analysis.
TLOAD1	Defines a time-dependent dynamic load or enforced motion of the form: ${P (t)} = {A \cdot F (t - τ)}$ for use in transient response analysis
TLOAD2	Defines a time-dependent dynamic excitation or enforced motion of the form: ${P (t)} = {\begin{matrix} 0 \\ {A} {\tilde{t}}^{B} e^{C \tilde{t}} \cos (2 π F \tilde{t} + P) \end{matrix} \begin{matrix} , \\ , \end{matrix} \begin{matrix} t < (T 1 + τ) or t > (T 2 + τ) \\ (T 1 + τ) \leq t \leq (T 2 + τ) \end{matrix}$ for use in a transient response problem, where: $\tilde{t} = t - T 1 - τ$
TRIM	Specifies constraints for aeroelastic trim variables. The SPLINE1 and SPLINE4 entries need to be here for the finite plate spline.
TSTEP	Defines time step intervals at which a solution will be generated and output in transient analysis
TSTEPNL	Defines parametric controls and data for nonlinear transient structural or heat transfer analysis. TSTEPNL is intended for SOLs 129, 159, and 99.
UXVEC	Specification of a vector of aerodynamic control point (extra point) values.
VIEW	Defines radiation cavity and shadowing for radiation view factor calculations.
VIEW3D	Defines parameters to control and/or request the Gaussian Integration method of view factor calculation for a specified cavity.

OptiStruct Cards

Specific load collectors are used for specialized loading cards, such as EIGRL, SPCADD, GRAV, RLOAD and DTABLEi. Specific load collectors have a card image which can be edited to group other load collectors together for simultaneous application in a single subcase, or to provide special information for a specific analysis type, such as modal analysis.

Card	Description
ACSRCE	Defines acoustic source as a function of power vs. frequency. Note: Bulk Data Entry
CDSMETH	Can be used in the component dynamic synthesis method for generating component dynamic matrices at each loading frequency. Note: Bulk Data Entry
CMSMETH	Defines the CMS (Component Mode Synthesis) method, frequency upper limit, number of modes, and starting SPOINT ID to be used in a CMS solution. The eigenvalue solver is also specified. In addition, preload as well as loads for reduction and residual vector generation can be defined. Also, an ASCII file containing CELAS4 and CDAMP3 element data and/or their corresponding design variable definitions can be generated for DMIG to allow the use of the component modes in optimization runs. Note: Bulk Data Entry
CNTSTB	Defines parameters for stabilization control of surface-to-surface contact and large displacement node-to-surface contact. A CNTSTB Bulk Data Entry should be referenced by a CNTSTB Subcase Information entry to be applied in a particular subcase. Note: Bulk Data Entry A CNTSTB Bulk Data Entry should be referenced by a CNTSTB Subcase Information entry to be applied in a particular subcase.
DLOAD	Defines a dynamic loading condition for frequency response problems as a linear combination of load sets defined via RLOAD1 and RLOAD2 entries, or for transient problems as a linear combination of load sets defined via TLOAD1 and TLOAD2 entries, or acoustic source ACSRCE entries. Note: Bulk Data Entry
DTI, SPECSEL	Correlates spectra lines specified on TABLED1 entries with damping values. Note: Bulk Data Entry
EIGC	Defines data required to perform complex eigenvalue analysis. Note: Bulk Data Entry
EIGRA	Defines the data required to perform real eigenvalue analysis with the Automated Multi-Level Sub-structuring technique. Note: Bulk Data Entry
EIGRD	Defines data required to perform eigenvalue extraction using the Lapack-based dense solver. Note: Bulk Data Entry
EIGRL	Defines data required to perform real eigenvalue analysis (vibration or buckling) with the Lanczos Method. Note: Bulk Data Entry
FATDEF	Defines elements, and associated fatigue properties, for consideration in a fatigue analysis. Note: Bulk Data Entry
FATEVNT	Defines loading events for fatigue analysis. Note: Bulk Data Entry
FATLOAD	Defines fatigue loading parameters. Note: Bulk Data Entry
FATMCRV	Specifies the corresponding quantities (Ti) vs SN curve table ID’s via TABLEXN entries (TIDi). Note: Bulk Data Entry
FATPARM	Used to define parameters required for a Fatigue Analysis. Note: Bulk Data Entry
FATSEAM	Defines parameters and property identification data for Seam Weld Fatigue Analysis. Note: Bulk Data Entry
FATSEQ	Defines a loading sequence for a Fatigue Analysis. Note: Bulk Data Entry
FLLWER	Define parameters for the calculation of loads dependent on deformation. Two type of loads, pressure load (only PLOAD4 Bulk Data Entries) and concentrated force (only FORCE1/FORCE2 Bulk Data Entries) can use this entry to control the options for Follower Loads. Note: Bulk Data Entry
FREQ	Defines a set of frequencies to be used in the solution of frequency response problems. Note: Bulk Data Entry
FREQ1	Defines a set of frequencies to be used in the solution of frequency response problems by specification of a starting frequency, frequency increment, and the number of increments desired. Note: Bulk Data Entry Defined using FREQi.
FREQ2	Defines a set of frequencies to be used in the solution of frequency response problems by specification of a starting frequency, final frequency, and the number of logarithmic increments desired. Note: Bulk Data Entry Defined using FREQi.
FREQ3	Defines a set of frequencies for the modal method of frequency response analysis by specifying the number of frequencies between modal frequencies. Note: Bulk Data Entry Defined using FREQi.
FREQ4	Defines a set of frequencies for the modal method of frequency response analysis by specifying the amount of "spread" around each modal frequency and the number of equally spaced frequencies within the spread. Note: Bulk Data Entry Defined using FREQi.
FREQ5	Defines a set of frequencies for the modal method of frequency response analysis by specification of a frequency range and fractions of the natural frequencies within that range. Note: Bulk Data Entry Defined using FREQi.
FSI	Identifies a FSI Bulk Data Entry to run Fluid-Structure Interaction Analysis with Altair AcuSolve for a Linear Transient Heat Transfer Subcase or Nonlinear Direct Transient Analysis Subcase. Note: Bulk Data Entry
GRAV	Defines the gravity vectors for use in determining gravity loading for the static structural model. It can also be used to define the EXCITEID field (Amplitude "A") of dynamic loads in RLOAD1, RLOAD2, TLOAD1, TLOAD2 and NLOAD1 Bulk Data Entries for dynamic solution sequences. Note: Bulk Data Entry
HYBDAMP	This Bulk Data Entry defines the application of modal damping to the residual structure in a Direct Transient or Frequency Response analysis. Note: Bulk Data Entry
INVELB	Defines initial velocity in a multibody situation. Note: Bulk Data Entry
LOAD	The LOAD is equivalent to the LOADADD. Note: Bulk Data Entry
LOADJG	Defines loading for joint connector JOINTG Bulk Data Entry. Note: Bulk Data Entry
MBACT	Defines the entity/set that needs to be activated in the multibody system for the subsequent simulation. Note: Bulk Data Entry
MBDEACT	Defines the entity/set that needs to be deactivated in the multibody system for the subsequent simulation. Note: Bulk Data Entry
MBLIN	Defines the parameters for a multibody system linear analysis. Note: Bulk Data Entry
MBREQ	Defines a multibody as a combination of request sets defined via MBREQE and MBREQM. Note: Bulk Data Entry
MBREQE	Defines a multibody solver output request to output the results of a set of expressions. Note: Bulk Data Entry
MBREQM	Defines a multibody solver output request to output displacement, velocity, acceleration, or force with respect to markers. Note: Bulk Data Entry
MBSEQ	Defines the simulation sequence for the multibody solver. Note: Bulk Data Entry
MBSIM	Defines the parameters for a multibody simulation. Note: Bulk Data Entry
MBSIMP	Defines the simulation parameters for subsequent multibody simulation. Note: Bulk Data Entry
MBVAR	Defines a multibody solver variable which can be referred to by multiple expressions. Note: Bulk Data Entry
MFLUID	Selects the MFLUID Bulk Data entries to be used to specify the fluid-structure interface Note: Bulk Data Entry
MLOAD	Defines a multibody as a linear combination of load sets defined via GRAV, MBFRC, MBFRCC, MBFRCE, MBMNT, MBMNTC, MBMNTE, MBSFRC, MBSFRCC, MBSFRCE, MBSMNT, MBSMNTC, and MBSMNTE. Note: Bulk Data Entry
MOTION	Defines a multibody as a combination of motion sets defined via MOTNJ, MOTNJC, MOTNJE, MOTNG, MOTNGC, and MOTNGE. Note: Bulk Data Entry
MOTNJG	Defines motion for joint connector JOINTG Bulk Data Entry. Note: Bulk Data Entry
MPCADD	Defines a multipoint constraint set as a union of multipoint constraint sets defined via MPC entries. Note: Bulk Data Entry
NLADAPT	The NLADAPT Bulk Data Entry defines parameters for time-stepping and convergence criteria in Nonlinear Analysis. Note: Bulk Data Entry Refers to Subcase information entry NLADAPT.
NLMON	Defines the settings for runtime monitoring of nonlinear analysis. Note: Bulk Data Entry
NLOAD	Defines a loading condition for nonlinear problems as a linear combination of load sets defined via NLOAD1. Note: Bulk Data Entry
NLOAD1	Defines a time-dependent load or enforced motion for use in geometric nonlinear analysis. Note: Bulk Data Entry
NLOUT	Defines incremental result output parameters for small displacement nonlinear analysis and large displacement analysis. Note: Bulk Data Entry Refers to Subcase information entry NLOUT.
NLPARM	Defines parameters for Nonlinear Static Analysis, Nonlinear Direct Transient Analysis, and Heat Transfer Analysis solution control. Note: Bulk Data Entry
NLPARMX	Defines additional parameters for geometric nonlinear implicit static analysis. Note: Bulk Data Entry
NOLIN1	Defines nonlinear transient forcing functions of the form: Pi(t)=S⋅T(uj(t)) (Function of displacement) and Pi(t)=S⋅T(˙uj(t)) (Function of velocity), where, uj(t) and ˙uj(t) are the displacement and velocity at point GJ in the direction of CJ. For more information, please refer to the OptiStruct Solver documentation. Note: Bulk Data Entry
NOLIN2	Defines nonlinear transient forcing functions of the form: Pi(t)=S⋅Xj(t)⋅Xk(t), where, Xj(t) and Xk(t) can be either displacement or velocity at points GJ and GK, respectively, in the directions of CJ and CK, respectively. For more information, please refer to the OptiStruct Solver documentation. Note: Bulk Data Entry
NOLIN3	Defines nonlinear transient forcing functions of the form: P_i(t)={S⋅[X_j(t)]_A,Xj(t)>00,X_j(t)≤0, where, X_j(t) may be a displacement or a velocity at point GJ in the direction of CJ. For more information, please refer to the OptiStruct Solver documentation. Note: Bulk Data Entry
NOLIN4	Defines nonlinear transient forcing functions of the form: P_i(t)={−S⋅[−X_j(t)]_A,X_j(t)>00,X_j(t)≤0, where, X_j(t) may be a displacement or a velocity at point GJ in the direction of CJ. For more information, please refer to the OptiStruct Solver documentation. Note: Bulk Data Entry
NSGEADD	Defines non-structural material damping as the sum of the sets listed Note: Bulk Data Entry
NSMADD	Defines non-structural mass as the sum of the sets listed. Note: Bulk Data Entry
PEAKOUT	Defines criteria used for the automatic identification of loading frequencies at which result peaks occur. Other result output may then be requested at these "peak" loading frequencies. This feature is only supported for frequency response solution sequences. Note: Bulk Data Entry
PFAT	Defines element properties for fatigue analysis. Note: Bulk Data Entry
PFPATH	Defines a one-step transfer path analysis. Note: Bulk Data Entry
PTADD	Defines a pretension load as a linear combination of load sets defined via PTFORCE, PTFORC1, PTADJST and PTADJS1 entries. Note: Bulk Data Entry
RANDPS	Defines load set power spectral density factors for use in random analysis having the frequency dependent form S_jk (F) = (X + iY) G(F). Note: Bulk Data Entry
RFORCE	Defines a static loading condition due to a centrifugal force field. It can also be used to define the `EXCITEID` field (Amplitude "A") of dynamic loads in RLOAD1, RLOAD2, TLOAD1 and TLOAD2 Bulk Data Entries. RFORCE is used as a linear dead-load in Large Displacement Nonlinear Analysis. Note: Bulk Data Entry
RGYRO	Includes data required to perform Rotor Dynamics analysis in Modal Frequency Response Analysis and/or Modal Complex Eigenvalue Analysis. The RGYRO Bulk Data Entry is referenced by a corresponding RGYRO Subcase Information Entry in a specific subcase. Note: Bulk Data Entry
RLOAD1	Defines a frequency-dependent dynamic load of the form: $f (Ω) = A (C (Ω) + i D (Ω)) e^{i (θ - 2 π Ω τ)}$ for use in frequency response problems. RLOAD1 (Form 1) can be used when the frequency-dependent dynamic load input is available in real/imaginary number format. Note: Bulk Data Entry
RLOAD2	Defines a frequency-dependent dynamic load of the form $f (Ω) = A * B (Ω) e^{i (ϕ (Ω) + θ - 2 π Ω τ)}$ for use in frequency response problems. RLOAD2 (Form 2) can be used when the frequency-dependent dynamic load input is available in magnitude/phase number format. Note: Bulk Data Entry
RSPEC	Specifies directional combination method, modal combination method, excitation direction(s), response spectra and scale factors. Note: Bulk Data Entry
RSPEED	Specifies a set of reference rotor speed values for asynchronous analysis in Rotor Dynamics. Note: Bulk Data Entry
SOLVTYP	Defines the solver type to be used for static, dynamic analysis and geometric nonlinear implicit analysis. Note: Bulk Data Entry
SPCADD	Defines a single-point constraint set as a union of single-point constraint sets defined via SPC or SPC1 entries. Note: Bulk Data Entry
TABDMP1	Defines modal damping as a tabular function of natural frequency. Note: Bulk Data Entry
TABFAT	Defines y values of each point on the loading time history. Note: Bulk Data Entry
TABLED1	Defines a tabular function for use in generating frequency-dependent and time-dependent dynamic loads. Note: Bulk Data Entry
TABLED2	Defines a tabular function for use in generating frequency-dependent and time-dependent dynamic loads. Also contains parametric data for use with the table. Note: Bulk Data Entry
TABLED3	Defines a tabular function for use in generating frequency-dependent and time-dependent dynamic loads. Also contains parametric data for use with the table. Note: Bulk Data Entry
TABLED4	Defines the coefficients of a power series for use in generating frequency-dependent and time-dependent dynamic loads. Also contains parametric data for use with the table. Note: Bulk Data Entry
TABLEG	Defines a general tabular function for use in supported reference entries. Note: Bulk Data Entry
TABLEM1	Defines a tabular function for use in generating temperature-dependent material properties. Note: Bulk Data Entry
TABLEM2	Defines a tabular function for use in generating temperature-dependent material properties. Also contains parametric data for use with the table. Note: Bulk Data Entry
TABLEM3	Defines a tabular function for use in generating temperature-dependent material properties. Also contains parametric data for use with the table. Note: Bulk Data Entry
TABLEM4	Defines coefficients of a power series for use in generating temperature-dependent material properties. Also contains parametric data for use with the table. Note: Bulk Data Entry
TABLEMD	Defines a multi-dimensional tabular function which identifies single or multiple X-values for a single Y-value. Note: Bulk Data Entry
TABLES1	Defines a tabular function for use as stress-strain curve in elasto-plastic material properties MATS1, MATX33, MATX65, MATHF, as well as material curve in nonlinear material properties MATX36, MATX42, and MATX70. The TABLES1 entry can also be used to define the corresponding material curves on the MATHE Bulk Data Entry. Note: Bulk Data Entry
TABLEST	Specifies the material property tables for elasto-plastic, temperature-dependent materials. Note: Bulk Data Entry
TABLEXN	Defines a tabular function for Stress (X) - Life (Y) pairs to define an SN curve. Note: Bulk Data Entry
TABRND1	Defines power spectral density as a tabular function of frequency for use in random analysis. Referenced on the RANDPS entry. Note: Bulk Data Entry
TEMPD	Defines a temperature value for all grid points of the structural model that have not been given a temperature on a TEMP entry. Note: Bulk Data Entry
TICA	Defines values for the initial velocity of a set of grids along and about an axis for explicit analysis. Note: Bulk Data Entry
TLOAD1	Defines a time-dependent dynamic load or enforced motion. Note: Bulk Data Entry
TLOAD2	Defines a time-dependent dynamic excitation or enforced motion. Note: Bulk Data Entry
TSTEP	Defines time step parameters for control and intervals at which a solution will be generated and output in transient analysis. Note: Bulk Data Entry
TSTEPNL	Defines parameters for geometric nonlinear implicit dynamic analysis strategy. Note: Bulk Data Entry
TSTEPNX	Defines additional parameters for geometric nonlinear implicit dynamic analysis. Note: Bulk Data Entry
UNBALNC	Defines the unbalanced rotating load during a rotor dynamic analysis in Frequency Response solution sequences. The unbalanced load is specified in a cylindrical system where the rotor rotation axis is the Z-axis. Note: Bulk Data Entry
XHISADD	Defines a time history output set as a union of time history outputs defined via XHIST entries. Note: Bulk Data Entry
XSTEP	Defines explicit analysis control. Note: Bulk Data Entry

PAM-CRASH Cards

Card	Description
ACC3D /	Imposed translational accelerations Note: Keyword input
ACFLD /	Acceleration field Note: Keyword input
ACTUA /	Joint Actuator Note: Keyword input
BDFOR /	Body force cards Note: Keyword input
BDFOR / AFIELD	Body force cards, KEYWORD = AFIELD: Acceleration field Note: Keyword input
BDFOR / VOLUME	Body force cards, KEYWORD = AFIELD: VOLUME: volumetric force Note: Keyword input
BDFOR / INPRES	Body force cards, KEYWORD = INPRES: Imposed pressure body force type Note: Keyword input
BDFOR / RADIAL	Body force cards, KEYWORD = RADIAL: Centrifugal force arisen from angular velocity Note: Keyword input
BDFOR / ROTACC	Body force cards, KEYWORD = ROTACC: Centrifugal force arisen from angular acceleration Note: Keyword input
BDFOR / PRSTRS	Body force cards, KEYWORD = PRSTRS: Bolt preload stress Note: Keyword input
BDFOR / PRFORC	Body force cards, KEYWORD = PRFORC: Bolt preload force Note: Keyword input
BDFOR /PREND	Body force cards, KEYWORD = PREND: Bolt preload end (Implicit only) Note: Keyword input
BOUNC /	Displacement Boundary Condition (Constraints) Note: Keyword input
CONLO /	Concentrated nodal load, force or moment vs. time or frequency Note: Keyword input
DAMP /	Nodal damping group (Time-Controlled Activation and Sensor-Controlled Activation) Note: Keyword input
DIS3D /	Imposed translational displacement Note: Keyword input
DIS3DM /	Imposed minimum translational displacement Note: Keyword input
DIS3DX /	Imposed maximum translational displacement Note: Keyword input
INTEM /	Initial temperature, one or several nodes Note: Keyword input
INVEL /	Initial velocity definition, one or several nodes Note: Keyword input
PFSURF /	Porous flow exchange surface Note: Keyword input
PREFA /	Pressure boundary condition on solid, tetrahedral, shell and membrane elements Note: Keyword input
PREBM /	Pressure boundary condition on beams Note: Keyword input
RAC3D /	Imposed rotational acceleration Note: Keyword input
RAN3D /	Imposed rotational displacement Note: Keyword input
RAN3DM	Imposed minimum angular displacement Note: Keyword input
RAN3DX /	Imposed maximum angular displacement Note: Keyword input
RDA3D /	RDA3D Note: Keyword input
RDD3D /	RDD3D Note: Keyword input
RDV3D /	RDV3D Note: Keyword input
RVE3D /	Imposed rotational velocities Note: Keyword input
TEMBC /	Imposed temperature Note: Keyword input
VEL3D /	Imposed velocities Note: Keyword input

Permas Cards

Card	Description
$ADDMODES	Definition of static mode shapes to be added to the set of eigenmodes used for transformation to modal space. Note: Available as a load collector when the source = loads. To change the LPAT = field, set the AddmodeLoads toggle to LOADSELECT, which ensures that each data line will define different ADDMODES. In the NoOfLoads_AddMode = field, enter the number of load patterns to assign the ADDMODES to.
$CONTVAL	Assignment of properties to contacts referenced by contact identifier or name. Note: Supported as a load collector (card image LOADS). To create a card, use an existing load collector or create a new one with card image LOADS and select the CONTVAL check box. A maximum number of 5 keywords are allowed per load collector (load pattern).
$PRETENSION LOAD	Assignment of load properties to pretension threads/areas referenced by identifier or name. Note: Supported as a load collector (card image LOADS). To create a card, use an existing load collector or create a new one with card image LOADS and select the PRETENSION checkbox.
$SUPPRESS	Definition of suppressed degrees of freedom. The degrees of freedom given on the header line are suppressed for all nodes listed within the data block.

Radioss Cards

Assign loads to a collector by creating individual loads, all of the same type and degree of freedom, and storing them in the appropriate load collector, or by identifying the nodes on which loads/BCs act by selecting them through a set. The selection of the set is possible by editing the card image of the load collector.

Card	Description
/ACTIV	Describes the deactivation/activation of element groups. Note: Block Format Keyword
/SPH/INOUT	Describes the SPH inlet/outlet conditions. Note: Block Format Keyword