Satellites

Satellite transmitters of the geostationary or low earth orbit types can be considered.

Transmitters in ProMan must not be terrestrial. Also, satellite transmitters can be considered. Geostationary satellites are defined by their height (for example, 36,000 km) and their longitude. All LEOs (low earth orbit constellations) and navigation satellites are described either by the two line element method or for the GPS satellites by the data provided in the Almanac data sets. Antenna gains for the satellite transmitters are considered in the path loss predictions.

The satellite radio transmission to the mobile terminal is strongly affected by the variation of the received signal power because of the presence of fading phenomena (slow fading due to obstacles and fast fading due to multipath propagation). Multipath propagation arises from signal reflection and diffraction on obstacles. In satellite communications, the received signal is usually the superposition of two components: the main path and a summation of time-delayed scattered paths.